Alexander Kiefer

Switzerland: From Pilot Projects to a National Cannabis Law 

For over a year now, pilot projects have been running in several Swiss cities to test regulated cannabis distribution. Initial results, recently published by the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), provide insights into user behavior and how the projects are being implemented (link to results). Now, Switzerland is taking the next step: In February, the National Council’s Committee for Social Security and Health (SGK-N) presented a draft bill for the comprehensive regulation of cannabis, with a strong focus on public health and youth protection. 

Under the proposal, adults would be allowed to legally consume, grow, and purchase cannabis under clearly defined conditions. Sales would be strictly state-controlled and non-profit, with neutral packaging, health warnings, and a THC-based regulatory tax. The cantons would be responsible for oversight and prevention programs. The next step: a detailed explanatory report will be published in summer, followed by a public consultation with stakeholders and associations. This would pave the way for formal legislative proceedings. 

The Netherlands: A Legal Supply Chain to Replace the Grey Zone 

At the same time, all eyes are on the Netherlands, where the final phase of the “Experiment gesloten coffeeshopketen” (closed coffee shop supply chain experiment) began on April 7, 2025. In participating municipalities, coffee shops are now allowed to sell only regulated, legally produced cannabis. Until now, cannabis sales have been tolerated, but its production remained illegal — a contradiction the experiment aims to resolve. The goal is to establish a fully closed, government-monitored supply chain that ensures product safety and weakens the black market. 

To help ensure a stable supply, especially of hashish, a temporary grace period has been introduced: for the first two months, authorities will not penalize shops that still rely on unregulated hash. By June, only legally regulated products will be allowed. The entire project is accompanied by an independent scientific study evaluating its impact on public health, crime, safety, and public order. 

What Europe Can Learn 

A clear pattern is emerging in both countries: a pragmatic approach to cannabis policy that acknowledges social realities while prioritizing control, prevention, and consumer safety. In the Netherlands, producers are given time to scale up, while Switzerland is building on the experience from its pilot programs to draft a sustainable national policy. 

What lessons can Germany draw from this? First, that regulation is feasible — when planned and implemented thoughtfully. Second, that Europe is slowly but surely moving away from blanket prohibition. Instead, real-world models are being developed to show how responsible cannabis regulation can work. Switzerland and the Netherlands are showing the way. It’s time for Germany to take a closer look — and stop delaying the next phase of its own cannabis policy. 

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Review of the Political Debate 

Over the past year, discussions have centered on both the opportunities and challenges of the new law. A key question remains: Have the reforms led to tangible benefits for society and public health? Critics point to gaps in prevention efforts, concerns about youth protection, and potential burdens on the justice system and schools. Supporters argue that no alarming trends have emerged so far and highlight the positive effects of decriminalization, particularly for those previously stigmatized. Beyond public health, the economic impact is also significant. The medical cannabis industry continues to grow, with many mid-sized businesses successfully adapting to the new regulatory landscape. 

Medical Cannabis: Stability or Uncertainty? 

Medical cannabis access has improved with more doctors prescribing it and fewer bureaucratic hurdles for patients. However, challenges remain. Will the CanG stay in place as it is, or will further adjustments be made? The answer is critical for patients, healthcare providers, and businesses alike. 

A full rollback of the law would have major consequences—disrupting treatment for patients, creating uncertainty for doctors and pharmacies, and adding unnecessary bureaucratic complexity. However, targeted adjustments, such as refining enforcement tools to combat the illegal market, could be implemented without undoing the core reforms. 

Scientific Findings and the Road Ahead 

Early research offers some insights: Data from Stuttgart, for example, suggests no significant rise in cannabis use since the law took effect. But a comprehensive evaluation will take time. More data is needed to guide future adjustments based on real-world evidence. 

What’s Next? 

One year later, Germany has not only adapted to cannabis reform—it has proven resilient. Removing cannabis from the Narcotics Act was a crucial step in improving medical access and reducing stigma. The next phase is critical: Thoughtful decisions must be made to ensure progress continues, without political reversals that could undermine the positive developments achieved so far. 

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What is the Endocannabinoid System?

The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is a complex network of natural compounds, receptors, and enzymes present in the human body. It influences various physiological processes, including pain regulation, brain development, appetite, reproduction, and gut motility.[1] This system is found in nearly all living organisms—except insects—highlighting its essential importance for vital body functions. The ECS is named after the discovery that certain compounds from the cannabis plant, known as phytocannabinoids, can have effects similar to those of endogenous cannabinoids produced by the body. The primary psychoactive component of cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), binds to the same receptors as these natural substances.

Although the ECS was discovered in the 1960s, many of its functions remain incompletely understood. Its gender-specific effects, in particular, have not been adequately explored.

Why is the ECS Relevant for Women’s Health?

It is well established that the ECS is closely linked to hormonal processes. Studies show that it plays a role in regulating the menstrual cycle, fertility, and menopause.[2][3] The potential for treating female-specific conditions such as endometriosis, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), or chronic pain is particularly intriguing. The ECS could be a key to new therapeutic approaches; however, there are currently few targeted clinical studies examining medical cannabis for these indications.

A better understanding of the ECS is not only scientifically desirable but also urgently needed. Women are often overlooked in medical research, and many of their ailments remain underdiagnosed or inadequately treated. Medical cannabis could offer an alternative or complementary option, especially for patients who do not respond sufficiently to conventional therapies. Furthermore, women tend to experience chronic pain more frequently, which is one of the most common applications of medical cannabis. Therefore, it is even more important to investigate pain perception and the response to pain medication from a gender-specific perspective.[4]

Why We Need More Gender-Specific Research

On the occasion of this year’s International Women’s Day, it is time to bring this topic into sharper focus. A better understanding of the ECS could not only help to apply medical cannabis more effectively but also open new doors for personalized medicine. A gender-specific approach in cannabis research is long overdue.

[1] Fowler, C. J. (2010). Anandamide uptake explained? Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 33(4), 181–185.
[2] Santoro, A., Mele, E., Marino, M., Viggiano, A., Nori, S. L., & Meccariello, R. (2021). The complex interplay between the endocannabinoid system and the estrogen system in the central nervous system and periphery. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(2), 972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020972
[3] Di Blasio, A. M., Vignali, M., & Gentilini, D. (2013). The endocannabinoid pathway and the female reproductive organs. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 50(1), R1-9. https://doi.org/10.1530/JME-12-0182
[4] Schmerzgesellschaft. (n.d.). Schmerz bei Frauen und Männern. Abgerufen von https://www.schmerzgesellschaft.de/patienteninformationen/besonderheiten-bei-schmerz/schmerz-bei-frauen-und-maenner

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International Industry Meetings: Exchange at the Highest Level

Germany remains a key player in the European cannabis industry. The ICBC Berlin (April 29-30, 2025) is the leading international event for the German market, bringing together businesses, investors, and policymakers. Market developments are discussed here, partnerships are forged, and the next steps for the industry are shaped.

Focusing on the medical sector, the Medical Cannabis Congress (June 12-13, 2025) in Berlin provides a dedicated platform for physicians, scientists, and pharmacists to discuss the latest advancements in cannabis therapy.
Similarly, the German Pain and Palliative Care Congress (March 12-16, 2025) in Frankfurt will explore the role of medical cannabis—especially in pain management, which has gained new momentum following regulatory changes last year.
The discussion on Europe’s cannabis market extends beyond national borders. In London, Cannabis Europa (June 24-25, 2025) will focus on regulatory developments, economic opportunities, and industry challenges across the continent. This event is particularly relevant for companies and investors looking to expand internationally.

Germany as a Hub for Cannabis Events

Germany continues to establish itself as a central hub for cannabis events. Mary Jane Berlin (June 19-22, 2025) remains one of Germany’s largest hemp fairs and is unique in covering all aspects of the industry: adult-use cannabis, CBD, industrial hemp, and medical cannabis. The event attracts tens of thousands of visitors annually—including consumers, activists, and businesses—making it a key meeting point for the entire industry.

For professionals in the pharmaceutical industry and the pharmacy sector, Expopharm in Düsseldorf (September 18-20, 2025) is an essential event. With a growing focus on medical cannabis, the role of pharmacies in patient care is becoming increasingly significant. This trade show serves as a key platform for stakeholders involved in the distribution, prescription, and application of medical cannabis.

Looking Beyond Borders: Global Highlights

For those looking to connect with the international cannabis industry, MJBizCon in Las Vegas (December 2-5, 2025) is an unmissable event. As the world’s largest cannabis trade show, it attracts tens of thousands of attendees from all sectors of the industry—from producers and brand developers to investors and policymakers.

The Future of Cannabis: What Lies Ahead in 2025

The cannabis industry remains in motion, and 2025 promises to be a year of exciting developments. The range of upcoming events highlights the industry’s dynamism and innovative potential—both in Germany and globally.

Whether it’s regulatory milestones, medical breakthroughs, or new business models, the coming months will be pivotal. We look forward to following these developments with you and engaging in discussions at one of these key events.

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Telemedicine: An Opportunity or a Challenge?

While medical cannabis is becoming increasingly destigmatized, some telemedicine services have recently come under scrutiny. In particular, concerns have been raised about the practice of issuing prescriptions based solely on an online questionnaire without direct doctor-patient interaction, raising fears of misuse. However, it is important to recognize that telemedicine has become an integral part of healthcare in many areas, offering enormous benefits to countless patients.

Telemedicine allows for quick and convenient medical consultations — especially in rural regions where specialist shortages are a pressing issue. For chronically ill patients who rely on continuous treatment, digital access to healthcare can be a major relief.

At the same time, concerns about compliance with existing regulations and quality assurance are valid. However, rather than questioning telemedicine as a whole, the discussion should focus on how to ensure proper enforcement of existing rules to safeguard both patient protection and the integrity of medical care.

A Balanced Perspective on the Debate

This debate highlights that a targeted regulatory response should not be limited to medical cannabis alone but should consider telemedicine as a healthcare model in general. There are already established legal frameworks, such as the EU Patient Mobility Directive and the Medicinal Products Advertising Act (Heilmittelwerbegesetz – HWG), which set standards for safe and regulated cross-border access to telemedical services.

The concerns surrounding telemedicine demonstrate that new digital healthcare models are not inherently problematic but require clear guidelines to ensure safe and high-quality applications. Medical cannabis is not the only field where telemedical services are playing an increasingly important role—this issue affects the entire healthcare sector.

Regulate Telemedicine Sensibly, Not Demonize It

The political debate should focus on how telemedicine can be responsibly utilized rather than portraying it as a problem in itself.

A rational, solution-oriented discussion is needed—one that involves patients, doctors, and policymakers alike.

Modern, digital healthcare solutions offer substantial benefits—not just for medical cannabis but for numerous other prescription medications.

The key challenge is to strengthen and enforce existing regulations while further developing policies that ensure quality and safety for all patients.

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Since the legalization of medical cannabis in Germany in 2017, the industry has seen rapid growth. Yet, while some describe the current phase as a “Green Rush,” reminiscent of developments in the United States, others wonder whether the market is already moving toward consolidation. This debate is becoming increasingly relevant against the backdrop of political uncertainties and regulatory changes.

Understanding the “Green Rush”

The term “Green Rush” originated in the United States in 2012 when Washington and Colorado became the first states to legalize cannabis. This economic surge attracted entrepreneurs and investors eager to seize new market opportunities, drawing comparisons to the historical Gold Rush. Similarly, in Germany, the cannabis industry experienced significant momentum, especially following the removal of medical cannabis from the Narcotics Act (BtMG) in April 2024. This reform not only simplified the prescribing process and reduced bureaucratic barriers but also fueled industry growth.

From Disillusionment to Renewed Momentum

When Germany’s coalition government announced plans for comprehensive cannabis legalization in its 2021 coalition agreement, it sparked enthusiasm and optimism across the industry. Many businesses began preparing for a rapidly expanding market that would encompass both medical and recreational cannabis.

However, by late 2022, it became increasingly evident that the proposed legalization would not materialize as initially envisioned. Industry expectations were tempered, leading to a sense of disillusionment. Some observers even predicted an impending consolidation.

These concerns were alleviated with the removal of medical cannabis from the Narcotics Act in April 2024, which opened up new growth opportunities. Yet, challenges remain: the implementation of commercial supply chains (Pillar II) is urgently needed to adequately support the now-legal recreational market while maintaining clear separation from medical use.

Regulatory Uncertainty and Political Challenges

Today, the German cannabis market remains dynamic and continues to grow. Insights shared at the Executive Summit in Berlin two weeks ago highlighted key challenges and opportunities. For instance, only 20% of the population currently knows that medical cannabis is available as a treatment option. Raising awareness and destigmatizing cannabis remains essential to unlock the market’s untapped potential. At this stage, collaboration between industry players is more important than competition. Joint efforts are needed to educate the public and foster market development.

The consensus among experts is clear: it is too early for consolidation. The market remains vibrant, with room for innovation, growth, and new entrants. However, the looming federal election has created uncertainty about the future of cannabis regulation. The past has demonstrated that stable regulatory frameworks are critical for sustained market growth. Germany’s medical cannabis sector is still young and requires long-term perspectives to provide much-needed planning security. The upcoming government transition raises the question of whether recent progress will be preserved or if the market risks being rolled back to its state before April 1, 2024—a scenario that would create significant challenges for both the industry and patients.

A look abroad reveals a noticeable global shift in attitudes toward cannabis. In many countries, cannabis is increasingly being recognized as a legitimate medical treatment, leading to a globally rising demand. Germany has the potential to remain a leader in Europe. The coming months will be crucial in shaping the path toward a stable and innovative future for the German cannabis industry.

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Best wishes from both of us,

On Thursday, November 14, 2024, we hosted our exclusive event “Yes, we can Cannabizz” in Berlin—a gathering that brought together top leaders from the cannabis industry, medical professionals, patients, and pharmacists. With nearly 100 guests, the event provided a unique platform to explore the opportunities and challenges facing both the German and international cannabis markets.

For those who couldn’t attend, here’s a recap of the day’s highlights. Against the backdrop of political uncertainty and an impending government transition, the event underscored one clear message: collaboration across all stakeholders is essential to safeguard the progress made over the past months and actively shape the future of medicinal cannabis in Germany.

Event Highlights

Yes, we can Cannabizz: Berner, CEO of Cookies, and Transatlantic Perspectives

The event kicked off with a compelling business panel featuring Berner, founder and CEO of Cookies, alongside Jakob and Benedikt Sons from Cansativa Group. Moderated by Bijan Hezarkhani, the discussion offered attendees an exclusive look into the experiences of a global cannabis market leader. Since its founding in 2010, Cookies has operated across diverse international markets, navigating varying regulatory landscapes in both the medicinal and recreational sectors.

Berner emphasized the importance of quality, innovative genetics, and a patient- and consumer-focused approach as cornerstones of long-term success. His insights resonated deeply with Germany’s young and evolving cannabis industry, offering a roadmap for sustainable growth and stability. As the world’s most successful cannabis brand, Cookies set a benchmark for innovation and excellence.

Having Berner in Berlin to share his journey was a rare privilege and an inspiration for all in attendance. We thank him for joining us and providing invaluable insights that will guide the industry forward.

Yes, we can help: 200 Days of the New Cannabis Law – What’s Changed?

The second panel explored the medical landscape under the new legislation. Moderated by Bertan Türemis (Fette Pharma), the discussion brought together leading experts, including Prof. Dr. med. Kirsten R. Müller-Vahl (Medizinische Hochschule Hannover), Melanie Dolfen (Bezirksapotheke), Gero Kohlhaas (Selbsthilfenetzwerk Cannabismedizin), and Finn Age Hänsel (Sanity Group).

Since the introduction of the Medicinal Cannabis Law (MedCanG) in April 2024, several critical improvements have been made. Removing medicinal cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act has simplified prescribing processes, strengthened doctors’ autonomy, and significantly reduced administrative burdens. However, the panelists agreed that there’s still much work to be done.

The absence of Pillar II, which would establish commercial supply chains, continues to hinder the clear separation between medical and recreational cannabis use. Prof. Müller-Vahl highlighted this gap:

“Without Pillar II, the supply gap persists. Commercial structures are essential to combat the black market effectively and protect both patients and consumers.”

Adding to the industry’s concerns is the political uncertainty surrounding the upcoming government transition. The Union’s pledge to roll back parts of the cannabis legalization framework has caused widespread unease. Finn Age Hänsel voiced his worries:

“A coalition with the Union would be the worst outcome for us. They’ve already signaled their intent to stop legalization, and the SPD likely won’t push back enough.”

Yes, we can all benefit: Exploring Cannabis Quality Under the Microscope

The day concluded with an engaging workshop led by Yordanka Caglar from Tiergarten Apotheke Konstanz. Attendees had the opportunity to analyze various cultivars of medicinal cannabis under the microscope, examining quality indicators such as color, aroma, and terpene profiles. The workshop reinforced the importance of rigorous quality assurance in maintaining trust and meeting patient needs. High standards are essential for building confidence in medicinal cannabis as a therapeutic option.

The “Yes, we can Cannabizz” event demonstrated the power of collaboration and dialogue within this dynamic and growing industry. We thank all speakers and attendees for making this day a memorable one. Together, we are poised to navigate the challenges ahead and continue building a stronger, more resilient cannabis sector.

Explore more moments from ‘Yes, We Can Cannabizz’ in our picture gallery. View Gallery

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Clinical Studies for Improved Therapy

Clinical studies are crucial to understanding the effects of medical cannabis on conditions like chronic pain, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis. These studies establish a scientific basis that can inform medical decisions and guide therapeutic approaches. A recent study on multiple sclerosis indicates improved quality of life with cannabis therapy, especially in physical and mental health. In palliative care, daily THC doses of 5 mg have shown potential to extend the quality and duration of life in seriously ill cancer patients.

Research also shows promising results in treating endometriosis symptoms. A European study with over 900 participants found that cannabis eased sleep disturbances, pelvic pain, and menstrual cramps. Notably, nearly 90% of patients could reduce traditional pain medication with cannabis, highlighting its potential as an alternative therapy. These clinical studies improve treatment options and help reduce biases within the medical field, promoting cannabis as a credible option in healthcare.

Preclinical Research for New Applications

Parallel to clinical studies, preclinical research is vital for exploring the biological mechanisms and potential new applications of cannabis. Compounds like CBD and THC are studied in laboratory settings to understand their interactions with the human body. This research lays the groundwork for expanding therapeutic uses and refining safety profiles. For example, a study by the University of Bonn showed in mice that low-dose THC administration might slow brain aging processes. An Australian study examined the effects of specific cannabinoids on inflammation and neuroprotective properties, particularly related to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. The findings suggest that cannabinoids can reduce inflammatory markers and prevent nerve cell damage in preclinical models. Such findings provide the foundation for new therapeutic approaches, though clinical trials in humans are needed to confirm these effects.

Studies on Destigmatization and Education As discussed in previous briefings, Switzerland has already launched several scientifically supervised pilot projects examining the impact of regulated cannabis sales on consumption behavior. These findings help differentiate the cannabis discourse and reduce societal prejudices. In Germany, the legal foundation for cannabis regulation has been established with the new Cannabis Act (CanG); only the responsible authority remains to be appointed.

Research in all its forms is key to advancing both medical and societal progress in cannabis. This diversity in research underscores the value of scientific insights for destigmatization, therapeutic application, and social acceptance. Through ongoing studies, cannabis’s potential can be optimally utilized, paving the way for evidence-based regulations.

Anything else?

Do you have specific questions or suggestions for the Cannabis Briefing? Then send us an email to briefing@cansativa.de. If you are interested in revolutionising the cannabis industry with us, then stay tuned and follow our briefings!

We wish you a good read!

With legalising greetings,